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Basics of C Language

What is C Programming Language? Full Introduction with Features, Benefits, History

The History of C Language (Evolution Over Years & All Versions of C Programming)

Top 10 Features of C Language (Characteristics of C Programming)

How to Download & Install C Programming Software on Windows 10? Step-by-Step Guide

Full List of Keywords in C Language (With Examples & Explanation)

What Are Identifiers in C Language? Examples, Rules, Types, Tips, Free PDF

What Are Variables in C Language? Examples, Rules, Types, Scope, Declaration

What Are Constants in C Language? Types, Examples, Rules, How to Use?

What Are Data Types in C Language? Definition, Types, Examples, Range, Size

Important Concepts

for loop in C Programming (With Examples)

while and do while Loops in C (Explained With Examples, Syntax, Flowchart)

What is Array in C? Examples, Types, Uses (Full Guide)

What Are Operators in C? All Types of C Language Operators With Symbols

C Programming

Welcome to the C Programming Tutorial for Beginners! If you're looking to start your journey into the world of programming, learning C language is a great place to begin. C is a fundamental and powerful programming language that has influenced the development of many other popular programming languages, making it a crucial language to learn.
In this C Language Tutorial for beginners, you will learn the core topics of C programming and its syntax. We will cover topics such as variables, data types, loops, functions, pointers, and more. By the end of this tutorial, you will have a good understanding of the basics of C programming and be able to write your own programs.
C is a versatile language that has a wide range of applications. From operating systems and device drivers to embedded systems and game development, C is used in a variety of fields. With this comprehensive tutorial on C programming, you will get a strong foundation in programming concepts and algorithms, which you can apply to any programming language you learn in the future.

Start your coding journey with our step-by-step C Programming tutorial designed for beginners. Learn essential concepts and get hands-on practice

C Programming Tutorial for Beginners 2025

C Tutorial

<?xml encoding="utf-8" ?>Welcome to the C Programming Tutorial for Beginners! If you're looking to start your journey into the world of programming, learning C language is a great place to begin. C is a fundamental and powerful programming language that has influenced the development of many other popular programming languages, making it a crucial language to learn.In this C Language Tutorial for beginners, you will learn the core topics of C programming and its syntax. We will cover topics such as variables, data types, loops, functions, pointers, and more. By the end of this tutorial, you will have a good understanding of the basics of C programming and be able to write your own programs.C is a versatile language that has a wide range of applications. From operating systems and device drivers to embedded systems and game development, C is used in a variety of fields. With this comprehensive tutorial on C programming, you will get a strong foundation in programming concepts and algorithms, which you can apply to any programming language you learn in the future.<img title="c language tutorial for beginners (2).jpg" src="https://d2x0t6n5jvjipg.cloudfront.net/uploads/learning-course/images/lcourses/885d0ef0-6d50-4abf-858c-b658388c9f5b-1676705863.jpeg" alt="c language tutorial for beginners" width="1200" height="628">The benefits of learning C programming are many. C is a high-level language that is easy to read and write, making it a great choice for beginners. It is also a fast language, making it ideal for system programming and other performance-critical applications.If you're looking to start your journey into programming, this C Programming Tutorial for Beginners is the perfect place to start. Whether you're interested in game development, embedded systems, or just want to develop a strong foundation in programming concepts, learning C will be a valuable investment. By the end of this tutorial, you will have a good understanding of C programming and be ready to take on more advanced topics. So, let's get started!

Comprehensive tutorial to learn the core concepts of C Programming.

C Programming Tutorial for Beginners

What Are Loops in C?

Types of Loops in C Language

while loop in C

Flowchart of while loop in C

Examples of while loop in C Programming

do-while loop in C

Flowchart for do while loop in C

while & do while loop in c programming: Video

Examples of do while loops in C

Difference Between while and do-while loops in C

Video: Loops in C Programming

FAQs Related to while and do-while loops in C

Valuable Resources for You:

Relevant Full Tutorials for You:

Interview Questions to Help You Prepare for Career:

Loops in C is a conditional concept to execute a block or line of code multiple times until the given condition is satisfied. It allows programmers to execute a statement or sequence of statements consecutively without writing the code, which saves time and effort and helps traverse the elements.&nbsp;
A loop in C programming comprises two parts:&nbsp;
<ul>
<li dir="ltr" aria-level="1">
the loop body&nbsp;
</li>
<li dir="ltr" aria-level="1">
a control statement.&nbsp;
</li>
</ul>
The control statement combines different conditions to direct the loop's body to execute repeatedly until the specified condition is met, i.e., the condition becomes false.&nbsp;

C loops can combine with other control statements, such as the Goto statement and Break statement, and can be used anywhere in a program, whether entry-controlled loops or exit-controlled loops.

Based on where the control statement is placed in a program, the loops in C programming are divided into two types:
<h3 dir="ltr" role="presentation">1. Entry-controlled Loops</h3>
An entry-controlled loop starts by checking the test condition and then executes the body of the loop. Hence, it is also known as a pre-checking loop. It includes<a href="https://www.tutorialsfreak.com/c-programming-tutorial/c-for-loop" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> for loops </a>and while loops in C.
<h3 dir="ltr" role="presentation">2. Exit-controlled Loops</h3>
In an exit-controlled loop, the test condition is checked after the body of the loop. It means the loop body will execute at least once whether the condition is true or false. It is also known as a post-checking loop and includes do-while loops in C.
<div dir="ltr" align="left">
<div dir="ltr" style="margin-left: 0pt;" align="left">
<table style="border: none;"><colgroup><col width="94" /><col width="498" /></colgroup>
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<td style="vertical-align: middle; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 8pt 3pt 8pt 3pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 0.5pt;">
<span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial; font-weight: bold; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">Loop Type
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: middle; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 8pt 8pt 8pt 8pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 0.5pt;">
<span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial; font-weight: bold; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">Description
</td>
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<tr style="height: 50.25pt;">
<td style="vertical-align: middle; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 11pt 8pt 11pt 8pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 0.5pt;">
<span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial; font-weight: bold; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">for loop
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: middle; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 11pt 8pt 11pt 8pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 0.5pt;">
Initializes once, then the test condition is checked, and the body is executed, comparison of counter to the fixed value after each iteration, and update in the end.&nbsp;
</td>
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<td style="vertical-align: middle; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 11pt 8pt 11pt 8pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 0.5pt;">
<span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial; font-weight: bold; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">while loop&nbsp;
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: middle; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 11pt 8pt 11pt 8pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 0.5pt;">
Starts by initializing the value. It evaluates the test condition and then executes the body of the loop only if the condition is true.&nbsp;
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 50.25pt;">
<td style="vertical-align: middle; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 11pt 8pt 11pt 8pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 0.5pt;">
<span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial; font-weight: bold; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">do-while loop
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: middle; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 11pt 8pt 11pt 8pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 0.5pt;">
First, the body of the loop is executed, and then the test condition is checked. 
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>

The while loop in C language is an entry-controlled loop where the test condition is checked before processing the loop's body.&nbsp;
If the condition is true, only then the loop body is executed. Once the loop is finished, the control goes back to the beginning, and the condition is checked. The statement is executed again, and the whole process continues until the condition becomes false. If the condition becomes false, the control goes out of the loop.
In while loop programs in C, after exiting the loop, the control goes to the statement immediately after the loop. The body of the while loop can comprise more than one statement.&nbsp;
Although curly braces are not that important in the case of one statement, it is always recommended to use curly braces, even with a single statement in the loop body. The body will not be executed even once if the condition is false.&nbsp;
The while loops in C are different from <a href="https://www.tutorialsfreak.com/c-programming-tutorial/c-for-loop" target="_blank" rel="noopener">for loops</a> because, in the latter, the number of iterations is known already.&nbsp;
A C while loop is not based on the number of iterations, but the execution of the body of the loop depends on the test condition. If the test condition is true, the body will be executed else it will be terminated from the loop.&nbsp;
<h3 dir="ltr">Syntax of while loop in C&nbsp;</h3>
<pre class="language-c"><code>while (condition) {
statements;
}</code></pre>
<h3 dir="ltr">Working of While Loop</h3>
While loops in C have a well-defined and structured approach, flowing from top to bottom. It starts by executing the conditional statement and then executes the code statement.&nbsp;

<ul>
<li dir="ltr" aria-level="1">
Initialization- It&rsquo;s the first statement of the while loop and accepts initializing of the expression.
</li>
<li dir="ltr" aria-level="1">
Conditional Statement- Here, it is decided whether the block of the statement will be executed or not. Hence, making it a crucial step. It checks the test condition and executes it until it becomes false. Once the condition is false, the loop will be terminated.
</li>
<li dir="ltr" aria-level="1">
Updation- The expression that increments or decrements the value based on the demand.
</li>
<li dir="ltr" aria-level="1">
Body of the Loop- Also known as the collection of statements, including functions and <a href="https://www.tutorialsfreak.com/c-programming-tutorial/c-language-variables" target="_blank" rel="noopener">variables</a>, it is executed automatically after every successful iteration cycle until the condition is false. It can be anything, executing a complex algorithm, printing random names, or functional statements.&nbsp;
</li>
</ul>

<?xml encoding="utf-8" ?><img title="Flowchart of while loop in C.png" src="https://d2x0t6n5jvjipg.cloudfront.net/uploads/learning-course/images/lcourses/ebf1b855-3575-4ede-a96e-8edc674cd4be-1690258976.png" alt="Flowchart of while loop in C" width="1080" height="1080">Explanation:Step 1- The while loop starts.&nbsp;Step 2- The test condition is checked.Step 3- Only if the test condition is true the program executes the mentioned statement.Step 4- The process is repeated until the condition is false, after which the control exits the loop and the statement immediately after the loop is executed.&nbsp;

Here's are some examples of while loop in C:
<h3 dir="ltr">Example 1</h3>
<pre class="language-c"><code># Program to print the numbers from one to ten
#include 
int main() {
 int i = 1;
 while (i &lt;= 10) {
 printf("%d ", i);
 i++;
 }
 return 0;
}
</code></pre>
Output:
<pre class="language-c"><code>1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10</code></pre>
Explanation:
<ul>
<li dir="ltr" aria-level="1">
We initialize a variable i to 1.
</li>
<li dir="ltr" aria-level="1">
The condition i &lt;= 10 is checked. If it evaluates to true, the code inside the loop is executed.
</li>
<li dir="ltr" aria-level="1">
Inside the loop, we print the value of i using printf and then increment i by 1 using the i++ statement.
</li>
<li dir="ltr" aria-level="1">
After the loop body executes, the condition is checked again. If it is still true, the loop iterates again. This process continues until the condition becomes false.
</li>
<li dir="ltr" aria-level="1">
Once i becomes 11, the condition i &lt;= 10 evaluates to false, and the loop terminates.
</li>
<li dir="ltr" aria-level="1">
The program ends, and the output will be: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10.
</li>
</ul>
That's an example of how a while loop can be used in C to repeat a block of code until a specific condition is no longer true.
<h3 dir="ltr">Example 2</h3>
<pre class="language-c"><code># C program to check prime number or not 
#include 
int main() {
 int num, i = 2;
 int isPrime = 1;
 printf("Enter a positive integer: ");
 scanf("%d", &amp;num);
 while (i &lt;= num / 2) {
 if (num % i == 0) {
 isPrime = 0;
 break;
 }
 i++;
 }
 if (isPrime) {
 printf("%d is a prime number.\n", num);
 } else {
 printf("%d is not a prime number.\n", num);
 }
 return 0;
}</code></pre>
Output:
<pre class="language-c"><code>Enter a positive integer: 7
7 is a prime number.</code></pre>
Explanation:
In this program, we use a while loop to check if a number is prime by iterating from 2 up to half of the given number (num). We divide num by each number in the range and check for divisibility.
Here's how the program works:
<ul>
<li dir="ltr" aria-level="1">
The program prompts the user to enter a positive integer.
</li>
<li dir="ltr" aria-level="1">
The while loop starts with i set to 2, the smallest prime number.
</li>
<li dir="ltr" aria-level="1">
Inside the while loop, we check if num is divisible by i. If it is, isPrime is set to 0, indicating that the number is not prime. The loop breaks if divisibility is found.
</li>
<li dir="ltr" aria-level="1">
We increment i and repeat the process until i reaches half of the given number (num). Since any factor of num will be less than or equal to its half, checking up to num/2 is sufficient.
</li>
<li dir="ltr" aria-level="1">
After the while loop completes, we check the value of isPrime. If it is still 1, we print that the number is prime. Otherwise, we print that the number is not prime.
</li>
<li dir="ltr" aria-level="1">
The program ends, and the result is printed.
</li>
</ul>
This program is an example of while loop in C to check if a given number is prime or not.

In the while loop, the body is executed only when the test condition is true. However, sometimes we need to execute the statement at least once, even if the given condition is false. Hence, we use do while loops in C to perform this operation.&nbsp;
In the do while loop in C, the body of the loop is executed at least once, and then it checks the test condition. If it is true, it will execute the statement again; else it will exit the loop.
In a do while loop, once the control goes out of the loop, the statement immediately after the loop is executed, which is similar to the while loop.&nbsp;
However, one major difference between a while loop and a do while loop program in C is that in the former, while is written in the beginning, whereas in the latter, a while condition is written at the end, followed by a semicolon (;).&nbsp;
<h3 dir="ltr">Syntax of a do-while loop in C</h3>
<pre class="language-c"><code>do {
statements
} while (expression);</code></pre>
<h3 dir="ltr">Working of do while loop in C</h3>
Here is a brief explanation of how do-while loops in C work:

<ul>
<li dir="ltr" aria-level="1">
Once the program control comes to the do-while loop, first, the body of the loop is executed, and then the test condition is evaluated. This is different from other loops where the test condition is checked first. Therefore, it is also known as an exit-controlled or post-tested loop.
</li>
<li dir="ltr" aria-level="1">
If the condition is true, the program control goes to the beginning of the loop and the loop body is executed again.
</li>
<li dir="ltr" aria-level="1">
The process is repeated until the condition becomes false.
</li>
<li dir="ltr" aria-level="1">
Once the condition is checked as false, the control goes out of the loop and moves to the statement immediately after the do-while loop.
</li>
<li dir="ltr" aria-level="1">
A do-while syntax doesn&rsquo;t include initialization and updation. Initialization is done before the loop, while updation can be done in the loop.&nbsp;
</li>
</ul>

<?xml encoding="utf-8" ?><img title="Flowchart for do while loop in C.png" src="https://d2x0t6n5jvjipg.cloudfront.net/uploads/learning-course/images/lcourses/92e47d41-dd3a-4f28-a5e4-eeed6a2dccf5-1690259167.png" alt="Flowchart for do while loop in C" width="1080" height="1080">Explanation:Step 1- The do-while loop starts.Step 2- The body of the loop is executed.Step 3- The test condition is checked.Step 4- If the condition is true, the body of the loop will be executed again.Step 5- If the test condition becomes false, the control goes out of the loop, and the program will execute the statement after the body of the loop.Step 6- Statements immediately after the loop body is executed.

Here's an example do-while loop in C language:
<pre class="language-c"><code>#include 
int main() {
 int num, i = 2;
 int isPrime = 1;
 printf("Enter a positive integer: ");
 scanf("%d", &amp;num);
 do {
 if (num % i == 0) {
 isPrime = 0;
 break;
 }
 i++;
 } while (i * i &lt;= num);
 if (isPrime &amp;&amp; num &gt; 1) {
 printf("%d is a prime number.\n", num);
 } else {
 printf("%d is not a prime number.\n", num);
 }
 return 0;
}</code></pre>
Output:
<pre class="language-c"><code>Enter a positive integer: 5
5 is a prime number.</code></pre>
Explanation:
In this program, we use a do-while loop to check if a number is prime by iterating from 2 up to the square root of the given number (num). We divide num by each number in the range and check for divisibility.
Here's how the program works:
<ul>
<li dir="ltr" aria-level="1">
The program prompts the user to enter a positive integer.
</li>
<li dir="ltr" aria-level="1">
The do-while loop starts with i set to 2, the smallest prime number.
</li>
<li dir="ltr" aria-level="1">
Inside the do-while loop, we check if num is divisible by i. If it is, isPrime is set to 0, indicating that the number is not prime. The loop breaks if divisibility is found.
</li>
<li dir="ltr" aria-level="1">
We increment i and repeat the process until i * i is greater than the given number (num). Since any factor of num will be less than or equal to its square root, checking up to sqrt(num) is sufficient.
</li>
<li dir="ltr" aria-level="1">
After the do-while loop completes, we check the value of isPrime. If it is still 1 and the number is greater than 1, we print that the number is prime. Otherwise, we print that the number is not prime.
</li>
<li dir="ltr" aria-level="1">
The program ends, and the result is printed.
</li>
</ul>

Here are a few differences between a while loop and a do-while loop.&nbsp;
&nbsp;
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while loop
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 0.5pt;">
do-while loop
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<td style="vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 6pt 6pt 6pt 6pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 0.5pt;">
It is an entry-controlled loop as the test condition is checked first, and then the statement is executed.
</td>
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It is an exit-controlled loop as the body of the loop is executed first, and then the condition is checked.
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It is possible that the body of the loop is not executed at all.&nbsp;
</td>
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The body of the loop is executed at least once, irrespective of whether the condition is true or false.
</td>
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The test condition variable is initialized first to evaluate the test condition in the loop.
</td>
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The test condition variable is initialized in the loop as well.&nbsp;
</td>
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<td style="vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 6pt 6pt 6pt 6pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 0.5pt;">
A while loop syntax has no semi-colon (;) at the end of the condition.
</td>
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A do-while loop syntax ends with a semicolon (;).
</td>
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<td style="vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 0.5pt;">
No need to add braces in case of a single statement. However, it is a good practice to add brackets.
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 0.5pt;">
It is essential to always add braces.
</td>
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It is not used for menu-driven programs.
</td>
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Mostly preferred for menu-driven programs as the loop is executed at least once, even if the condition is false.
</td>
</tr>
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<td style="vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 6pt 6pt 6pt 6pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 0.5pt;">
The number of iterations is based on the test condition.&nbsp;
</td>
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The body of the loop will be executed at least once, irrespective of the condition.&nbsp;
</td>
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<td style="vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 6pt 6pt 6pt 6pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 0.5pt;">
Syntax of a while loop:
while (condition)
{
statements;
}
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 6pt 6pt 6pt 6pt; overflow: hidden; overflow-wrap: break-word; border: solid #000000 0.5pt;">
Syntax of a do-while loop:
do
{
statements;
}
while (condition);
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
&nbsp;
</div>

Here is a detailed video on loops in C to help you understand the concept better in simple terms:

Here are some frequently asked questions related to loops in C language:
<h3 dir="ltr" role="presentation">1. How many types of loops are in the C programming language?</h3>
<ul>
<li dir="ltr">Based on the control statement placement, loops are classified into two types:</li>
<li dir="ltr">Entry-controlled loops- which include for loop and while loop.</li>
<li dir="ltr">Exit-controlled loops- which include a do-while loop.&nbsp;</li>
</ul>
<h3 dir="ltr" role="presentation">2. What is the entry-controlled or pre-tested loop?</h3>
Entry-controlled loops are the ones that have the loop condition checked before executing the body of the loop. It includes for loops and while loops, where the test condition is checked before executing the statement.
<h3 dir="ltr" role="presentation">3. What is the exit-controlled or post-tested loop?</h3>
An exit-controlled loop is one where program control first comes to the body of the loop and executes it, and then checks the test condition. It includes a do-while loop, where the body is executed at least once, irrespective of whether the condition is true or false.
<h3 dir="ltr" role="presentation">4. Which loop executes the statement at least once?</h3>
The do-while loop executes the statement in the body of the loop at least once. It executes the statement first and then checks the test condition. So, even if the condition is false, it executes the body of the loop at least once.
<h3 dir="ltr" role="presentation">5. Can we skip braces in a do-while loop if there is a single statement?</h3>

In a do-while loop, it is always essential to add curly braces, even if there is a single statement. In a while loop, you can skip braces in a single statement, but it is a good practice to add braces.

<ul>
<li dir="ltr" aria-level="1">
<a href="https://www.tutorialsfreak.com/java-tutorial/java-oops-concepts" target="_blank" rel="noopener">OOPs Concepts in Java</a>
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Learn about while and do while loops in C programming with examples, syntax, and flowchart. Understand their usage and improve your coding skills.

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while and do while Loops in C (Explained With Examples, Syntax, Flowchart)

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