Python Tutorial
Object and Class in Python: How to Create, Examples
Table of Contents
- Introduction
- What Are Python Classes?
- Python Class Syntax
- Examples of Classes in Python
- How to Create Classes in Python?
- What Are Objects in Python?
- How to Instantiate Objects in Python?
- How to Create Object in Python?
- The Methods to Declare Objects in Python
- Python Class and Instance Variables
- Attributes and Methods in Classes in Python
- Difference Between Instance and Class Attributes
- Adding Attributes and Methods to Class
- Python Constructors and Their Role in Initializing Objects
- Python Destructors and Their Purpose
- Implementing a Constructor and Destructor in a Class
Python Classes and Objects- FAQs
Attributes are variables that store data within a class or an instance of a class. They represent characteristics or properties of the class or object.
Methods are functions defined within a class that perform actions or operations. They represent the behavior of the class or object and can access and modify attributes.
You access attributes in Python objects using dot notation. For example, if you have an object obj with an attribute attribute_name, you can access it as obj.attribute_name.
In Python methods, self is a reference to the instance of the class. It is the first parameter in instance methods and is used to access instance attributes and methods.
A constructor in Python is a special method named __init__ that is automatically called when an object is created. It is used to initialize the attributes of the object.
A destructor in Python is a special method named __del__ that is automatically called just before an object is destroyed or deleted. It is not commonly used in Python due to automatic garbage collection.
You can represent objects as strings in Python by defining a special method called __str__ within the class. This method should return a string representation of the object.
To create an instance of a class in Python, call the class name followed by parentheses. This creates a new object (instance) of the class.
The self parameter in Python classes is a reference to the instance of the class. It is the first parameter in instance methods and is used to access instance attributes and methods.
Inheritance in Python classes is the ability of a new class (subclass) to inherit attributes and methods from an existing class (superclass). It promotes code reuse and supports the creation of more specialized classes.
Encapsulation in Python classes involves restricting access to certain attributes or methods. It is achieved by using private attributes (prefixed with double underscores) and getter/setter methods.
Polymorphism in Python classes is the ability to use a single interface to represent different types of objects. It allows objects of different classes to be treated as objects of a common base class.
Instance Method: Takes `self` as the first parameter and operates on instance-specific data.
Class Method: Takes `cls` as the first parameter and operates on class-level data. Decorated with `@classmethod`.
You can delete an attribute in a Python class using the `del` keyword. For example:
del my_object.attribute
